Repeating method and system



WILLIAM E. lBEA'JI'TY, OF BAYSIDENEW YORK, PANY, INCORPORATED, -OF YORK, N.

, BEPEATING METHOD `AND SYSTEM.

woest icse yY., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

. Application led December 11,1920. Serial No. 429,930.

Y To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. BEATTY,

fia citizen of the United States, residing'at Bayside, in the county of Queens, State of 1 5 New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Repeating Methods -V and Systems,

fulLlclear, concise, and exact description. This'invention relates to repeating meth lo ods and systems in which wea-lr impulses .-receiveritatl a repeating stationare to berepeated' and sent out upon the-'line modied form. Such a repeating system may beeins'erted in a telephone line, for instance, for repeating telephone currents or ringing `currents and in this case the repeater transniit currents'in opposite directions' over the line to provide for the two-way' transmission of signals.

a 4two-way repeating 'systeml in vwhich the repeating elements employed' are of the socalled push-pull typeA 1n which two repeaters, which may be vacuum tubes, are 25 connected vin opposition ,without the employfnent -(af-artificial lin'es. In suchan arrangement, certain portions of the input and output circuits of the repeaters are in# dividual to the repeaters while other ortions are iiijeommon. Such a push-pul arf rangement has the characteristic that currents applied Vto the common portion of the input circuit produce currents in opposite directions in the individual portions :z of the output circuit, while currents ap- .plied vto the individual portions of the input circuit may be made to produce currents in the same direction in the individual portions of the output'circuit. This characteristic of a push-pull repeater arrangementjis therefore, of' particular utility in cases where it is line associated with the,` output circuit-of the push-pull repeater'to differentiate between eifects produced by currents impressed on they individual portions of the input circuit and currents impressed on the common portionof the' input circuit'.

' ltis'hereinafter described in detail, how this invention may be applied to certain repeating arrangements claimed in the applications of Nicolson, Serial .No 223,221 and March 18, 191s, and No. 223,222., filed March 18, 1918, for obtaining the above mentioned `differentiation in the outgoing of which the following isa' it isv necessary that One object oithis invention is to provi-de Y desired, in the outgoing yline 'associated with each repeater. 4In the 4ative during the operation of the first men-A tioned repeater. The rst repeater remains in an operating condition so that repeating may-take place in the proper direction between line sections. Upon the cessation of the current to be repeated, both repeaters assume' their normal operating'condition and either repeater is subsequently rendered inoperative bythe currents coming in oi'zer the other line so that the two-way transmission of signals is provided..

In the Nicolson application, Serial No.

223,222 two repeating arrangements, without the intermediary of balancing networks,

are-provided by having a generator of alters nating current oppositely connected to the two repeater, elements so that the repeaters are alternately rendered -inoperative at a frequency which is the frequency. generated by the generator. One repeater is thus rendered inoperative when the other repeater is` rendered operative so that a local cir'- culation of. power is prevented. Either repeater, however, is' always in condition to repeat'the -incoming impulses due to the fact that the repeater is rendered inoperative at a high frequency which may be near'the upper range ofaudibility or may be beyond the'rangeof audibility.

f In accordance with this invention and as hereinafter more particularly described, each of the two repeaters connected in opposition between the two line sections is of the push-pull type.y The currents to beamplified are impressed on the individual port'ons of the input circuits and the outgoing line is associated with the individual portions oitu the repeater output circuit. The paralyzing potentials, however, Whether duc to a generator continuously operated, or due to rectified currents from the outputcircuit ASSIGNOR TO INESTE1'\,1\l' ELECTRIC COM- s 'of the repeater in operation at any particular instant, are preferably applied to the common portions of the input circuit of each push-pull repeater. This arrangement has the advantage that when the paralyzing potential reduces to zero the output current in each portion of the output circuit, the

change from a normal value to zero of the is changed from zero to its normal value in order to render the repeater operative.

,This invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in connection with the drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents th s invention embodied in a two-way repeater circuit in which a repeater of the push-pull type is employed for repeating in each direction, the repeaters being rendered alternately in` operative by paralyzing potentials applied by a contnuously operated alternating current source, and Fig. 2 represents this invention in a similar two-way repeater circuit arrangement except that each. repeater is rendered inoperative by rectified currents from the other repeater.

Referring to Fig. 1, the two-w ay repeating system disclosed therein comprises two line sections 10, 10 and 11, 11 between which are included a push-pull repeater 12 for repeating signaling currents from line section 10 to line section 11 and a push-pull repeater 13 for repeating signaling currents from line section 11 to line section 10. The push-.pull repeater -12 comprises two vacuum tubes 1.4. `and 15, which contain anodes 16. 17, grids 18, 19, cathodesA 20.21 and auxiliary electrodes 22 and 23 respectively. Grid 18 and -cathode 20 are'connected toline section 10` -by a transformer 25 while the grid 19 and the cathode 21, are connected to lineJ section 10 by a similar transformer 26. Each of these transformers is included in one of the `individual portions ofthe input circuit. of

tubes 14 and`15. The individual portion of the output circuit of tube 14. contains a winding of a. transformer 28 while the indi- Avidual portion of the output circuit for tube 15 contains a. winding of a transformer 29. Signaling currents impressed by transformers 25 and 26 upon the grids 18 and 19 will, therefore. produce amplified variations in current through the primary windings of transformers 28 and 29 in suchdireetions that the E. M. F.s, induced in line section 11 thereby will be aiding.

The push-pull repeater 13 comprises two vacuum tubes 31 and 32 of the same type as tubes 14 and 15. The individual portions of the input circuits of tubes 31 and 32 are associated with line section 11 by transformers 33 and 34. The common portions of the output circuits of the tubes 31 and 32 are connected to line section 10 by transformers 35and 36. Signaling currents from line sec-v tion 11 impressed upon tubes 31 and 32 will produce such currents in the individual portions of the output circuits of the two y tubes that aiding E. M. F.s will be induced thereby in line section 10.

It will be seen that the currents conijieng,

inl over line section 10 will be amplified'fy push-pull repeater 12 transferred to line section 11, and unless the means, which will later be described, are provided, the amplified currents in .line .'2 will also be transl ferred back by push-pull repeater 13 to line section 10 and push-pull repeater 12 as well.

Such a local circulation of power would objectionable and in order to prevent the.

same, the following means are provided. Connected between the. two auxiliary electrodes 22 and 23 of vacuum tubes 14 and 15 and the two cathodes20 and 21, is the secondary winding-of a transformer 38.y the primary winding of whichis in circuit with any suita le generator 39 of alternating eurrent. l hen the generator 39 supplies a wave which makesthe auxiliary electrodes 22 and 23 negative with respect tothe cathodes 20 and 21, the space current within the tubes 14 and 15 will be reduced substantially` to zeroand the push-pullrepeater- 12 will thereby be rendered inoperative. Then the.

generator 39 supplies a wave which makes the auxiliary electrodes 22 and 23 positive with respect to the cathodes, the push-pull repeater-12 is in condition to repeat current from line section 10 to line section 11. The times when the push-pull repeater 12 is inoperative do not'interfere with this repeating, since each` inoperative period is made of short duration.

Generator 39 also connected through a transformer 40 to impress alternating currents between the auxiliary` electrodes and the. cathodes of tubes 31 and 32 in such a mannerthat push-pull repeater 13 is inoperative at the time push-pull repeater 12 is operative and push-pull repeater 13 is operativeat the. time push-pull repeater 12 is inoperative. This insures that a local circulation of power between the repeaters will that generator 39 is as-l tor 39, therefore, changes the potentials of auxiliary electrodes 22 and 23 in a similar manner so that the space current between anode 16 and cathode 20 will be reduced to. zero at the same time the space current between anode 17 and cathode 21 is reduced to zero. Since the output circuit current flows inopposite directions in the primary windings of transformers 28 and 29, it follows that the reduction to zero of the current through these primary windings will provchanges inthe space current .spect to their respective cathodes. ative potential applied to these two auxil.

-rendered inoperative,

tubes and 51 are transmitting the current l to be repeated. In order to release the negaduce equal and opposite E. M. F.s in the secondary windings Iof the two transformers. Line section 11.r therefore, 'will have no re-A sultant E. M. F. induced in it due to the produced by generator 3 9 when the tubes are rendered operative or inoperative. The subscriber receiving the messages repeated by pushpull repeater 12 will, therefore, not receive any objectionable potential variations or noises due to the operation of the/generator 39.

The two-way repeating system Aof Fig. 2 is similar td that of Fig. 1, except that different means are provided for preventing the local `circulation of' power. The output circuits of tubes 50'and 51 are provided with transformers 52 and 53, by means of which some of the amplified currents from tubes 50 and 51' are transferred" to arectifying circuit 54 which' impresses the amplified and rectified currents between the filaments and the auxiliary electrodes 55 and 56 Voivacuuln tubes 57 and 58. The circuit fconprises-a suitable rect-ier such as a vacuum tube rectifier-GO' (as shown) and this rec-tie; Vis con-r nected in circuit in-s'uch a way. that electrodes 55 and 56 are made negative with re- The negiary electrodes is sufiicient to reduce the spare current-Within the tubes 57'and 58 to zero. Repeater tubes 57 and 58 are consequently while the'l repeater tive charge on auxiliary electrodes-55and 56 when /current is no longer coming in over line section 61, the Arectifier 60 is provided with a leakage path 62. This-leakage path,

as shown, comprises a core inductance: 54 which has a suiiic-ient time lag to maintainthenegative potentialv of the auxiliary elec'- ltrodes 55 and 56m spiteof variations of the incoming current. Upon a ubs'tantial interruption 1n the incoming l1ne, the potential lietween the auxiliary electrodes and t-hev cathodes of tubes 57and 58,;is equalized through the leakage path 62.

The repeater tubes 57and 58 'similarly have coupled to their output circuits, a-rectiiier similar to rectifier 6 0 by means of which the rectified currents from the output circuits of tubes 57 and 58 may be'applied .forrepea'ting signals between line between the auxiliary electrodes 66 and 67 and their cathodes of tubes 50 and 51. It will be apparent that, currents coming in over either line section 6l or 68 will render one of the push-pull repeaters inoperative so that the currents in the outgoing line sec tion cannot be transmitted back through the other push-pull repeater, thereby preventing a local circulation of power.

inasmuch as the rectifier circuits impress similar potentials upon the two auxiliary electrodes of ea'ch push-pull repeater, it folwill be developed in each` line section whenever the space current of either push-pull re- -peater is reduced to zero or restored to normal by the action of the rectifier circuits. No objectionable clicks'will,- therefore,'pass out on the outgoing line section.

- It is to be understood that certain aspects of this invention are not limited to two-way repeating systems in which two-way repeater operation is secured Without the intermediary ot' artificial lines or the like, since it is invention possesses utility in those types of repeater circuits not employing means f or alternately' rendering each repeater element inoperative. f Y

It is also to be understood that the circuiti lows, as described above in connection with Fig. 1, that equal and opposing E. M. F.s

obvious that the push-pull repeater of .this

arrangements above described may beastillvv further modifie-d Without departing in any.

Wise from the spirit of this invention as defined in the appended claims. What is claimed is:

1. The method' of employing a repeater for repeating signals between line sections, which comprises the step of paralyzing said repeater at times and preventing the paraly- Azation from producing a simultaneous fluctuation in the currents of both of said line,

sections.

2. The method of employing arepeater for repeating signals between line sections, which comprises the step of reducing the efficiency of said repeater while maintaining fixed the circuit connections therefor, and preventing vany simultaneous reaction 0n both .of said -line sections due to said reduction.

3. The method of employing a repeater repeater s repeater while leaving the energization circuit connected'to the repeater, while preventing .the simultaneous production thereby" of fluctuations in the currents in both of said line sections.

6. The method of repeating which comprises repeating in both directions over a line,'and ypreventing a local circulation of f direct current iowing therethrough, said `method comprising changing the value 'of power at the l gizing current therefor to a small value at such times as to permit the normal repeater operation and While preventing the simultaneous"4 production therebyof,fluctuations in the currents in `bothof said line sections.

7. The metliodofrepeatingin a signaling system in which are 'included a line section,-

a repeater zr-circuit.. inductively associated with said line section for repeating to a second line' section, said circuit having a said direct eu'rrent and simultaneouslyneutralizing the effect of said change on both of said line sections. I y v .8` The method of repeating in a signaling system in which are included aline section, a repeater circuit associated with said line section for repeating `currents to a second 1ine section, said repeater circuit having'at times a direct current flowing therethrough, which method comprises changing the value of said direct current -while maintaining fixed l the electrical connections for said repeater and neutralizing the ei'ect of said change on both of said line sections. I

9. AThe method of employing a repeater for repeating signals between line. sections, which comprises rendering said repeater inoperative at times and subsequently renderingsaid repeater operative while maintaining fixed the circuit connections therefor and while preventing simultaneous uctu- Y i' ations therefrom in the currents in both of f said line sections.

10. The mlethod of' employinga repeater for repeating signals between line sections, `which comprises producing a sudden change in the output circuit current of the repeater,

and simultaneousy neutralizing the effect of said change on both of said line sections.

11. A two Way repeating system' comprising means `for repeating in one direction, means/"for repeating in the opposite direction, each of said means comprising two repeaters having .input and output circuits -said input circuits for each of said means having portions in common and other portions. individual to each repeater, and voice controlled means for impressing currents repeater by reducing the enerupon the common portion of the input circuits of one of said repeating means.

12. In combination, two line sections, a two 'way repeating system, therebetween comprising two repeaters having input circuits and output circuits, said input circuits having portions in common and other poi'- tions individual to said repeaters, said output circuits having portions in common and other portions individual to said repeaters, means for impressing currents from one of said line sections upon the individual portions of saidinput circuits and voice controlled means for impressing currents of another type upon said common portion of said input circuits.

13. In combination, two line sections, a

two way repeating system therebetween comprising two repeaters having input circuits and output circuits, said input circuits having portionsin common and other portions individual to said repeaters, said ing two repeaters having, input and output circuits-said input circuits having portions in common and other portions individual to said repeaters,`and means for impressing a variable potential upon said common portion. A

15.` In combination, a line, two vacuum tubes having input and output circuits, said input circuits .having portions in common and other portions individual to each tube, said output circuits having portions in common and other portions individual to each tube, means for impressing currents to be-- amplifiedupon said input circuits, impedance devices in the individual portions of' said output circuits for impressing amplified currents upon said line,- and voice controlled means for impressing other currents on the common portion of said input circuits.

16. In combination, two line sections, two

push-'pull repeaters connected in opposite directions between said line.sections, each of said repeaters comprising two vacuumv tubes having inputand output circuits, said-input circuits for oneof said repeaters having pqrtions in common, and voice controlled means for impressing variable potentials upon said common portion.

17'.- The combination of two lines, two repeater paths oppositely connected therebetween, impedance varying` means responsive to the current impressed on vsaid line for reducing the transmission eicieney of one of said paths. and means-for pi'e\f'enting the operation of said means from producing simultaneous current variations in both of said lines.

f 18. A repeating system comprising two line sections, atwo-way repeating means adapted to repeat signals between said line sections, and means for rendering said repeating means .inoperative while preventing an)r substantial simultaneous fiuctu'ations'in current in both of said line sections.

19; A repeating system comprising two line` sections, a two-Way repeating means adapted to repeat sisrnals between said line sections, and means for reducing the eflieiency of saidrepeating means while maintaining;r fixed the energization circuits tor said repeating means while preventing simultaneous Huetuations in the current in both of Said line sections due to said 1'eduei n, r means.

20.- A repeating system comprising two line sections` a repeater therebetween havingr an outputs circuit, a. source of current in said output circuit, and means` for reducing at times the current of said output circuit. lo a low value. while prexentiner any substantial simultaneous luctu: ions ir euri'ents in both of said line sections.

,In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe 'in yname this 7th da)7 of December A. D.. 1920.

WILLIAM n BEATTY 

